Is the Bocaue exit via B. Bernardo st. a viable alternative route going to Philippine Arena?
We're going to the Blackpink concert this weekend and naghahanap kami ng alternate routes to and from the venue. We're planning to park sa Parking D - balak namen iwasan yung vicinity ng arena itself, and based sa map ito na ata pinakamagandang way para hindi na dadaan around the arena and diretso na sa parking.
Just wanted to know kung open itong street na ito for cars.
https://preview.redd.it/00ts9cpub9pa1.png?width=887&format=png&auto=webp&s=66051d0dbf20aea908a798171a2e7e71763a131c

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The theme we will address has never attracted as much attention as it does in the current days. The recent success editorial of the book "The Da Vinci Code" by Dan Brown instigated the imaginary, through a narrative that involves all of these matters related to the life of Christ questioning and presenting conjectures and theories, some credible and many others, in my view, without a lot of reasons, such as the mention of the work of Leonardo Da Vinci, "the Last Supper".
https://youtu.be/i6-drL7fuqs
Before we talk about the meaning of Leonardo's work, let's quickly address some aspects of his life to understand the context in which all his work developed.
Leonardo was born in April 1452 in Vinci, a village near by the Florence, son of Piero da Vinci, a notary, and a servant. Leonardo was an illegitimate child, having no rights to his father's estate. But his father, zealous, did not abandon him, having assumed his creation. We must remember that Leonardo was born in the middle ages.
The end of the middle ages is determined by the fall of Constantinople in May 1453. Of course the change from one period to another does not occur through a single event. This is a process of transition that involves multiple events.
With the end of the Middle Ages we have the Renaissance, with the resurgence of the appreciation of man as a factor of relevance in all contexts. Begins Humanism, a movement that revolutionized the thought, emerging new concepts and worldviews. This new concept is a precursor of specialization of knowledge, resulting later in the systematization of human knowledge, with scientism and segregation of knowledge that until then was unified.
Leonardo is more a medieval wise man than a person aligned with trends Renaissance because he was not restricted in specifics knowledge like other geniuses contemporaries geniuses. He had a broad knowledge. He was not only a painter. He was a sculptor, musician, architect, engineer, inventor, anatomist, and also an astrologer, although his biography does not to mention about the universe of hidden knowledge. In short he had a universal knowledge. In all areas he left the mark of his genius.
When he turned 14, his father had placed him as an apprentice in the arts studio of Verrocchio who was a great master of Florence. The art workshops held not only artistic works such as paintings and sculptures, but also construction of buildings, bridges and works of engineering, metallurgy, war machines, everything that required creativity of man to make some kind of artifact.
Leonardo soon excelled in all these arts, having participated in the production of a painting by Verrocchio, by order of Lorenzo Medici, ruler of Florence. He did paint an angel face on a canvas and the delicacy of the lines and the play of light, called the attention of the Medici family, who came to protect him. At this time, the success did not depend on talent, but especially the figure of a protector, a Maecenas.
The Italian peninsula, at that time, was a region of many disputes, without the identity of a country, which has consolidated only in the second half of the nineteenth century with Garibaldi. There were city-states, which they lived in strife. Wars were fought systematically, in order to solidify the power of the clergy. In this context, a war was deflagrated against Florence, promoted by the Vatican, for there were many interests of political composition, dominance, hegemony and economic supremacy.
Leonardo facing this situation, after serving the powerful others, as the Borgia, for example, just moving to Milan, had offered his services to the Duke Ludovico Sforza. Just to get an idea of the talents of Leonardo, he presents his resume as primarily military engineer, as he liked to be recognized, Architect, Builder Weapons, inventor, musician and at the end of the list of qualifications is painter and this is just his ability is that Duke engages him. Ludovico became the new protector of Leonardo.
Among the many works that Leonardo executed custom Ludovico is the "Last Supper." The work should decorate the refectory of the Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie. The work began in 1495 and was completed in 1497. In reality it did not complete. By the way, no work of Leonardo, except St. John and baby Jesus was completed. Were several lawsuits filed against Leonardo because he did not fulfill contract. Leonardo spoke "creation is divine, execution is slavish!"
https://preview.redd.it/fk3rhe5hz6pa1.jpg?width=1200&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=fd7f147e06e72dca0ff296f65317c3163733a3fb
The Last Supper was painted on the walls of the hall and Leonardo developed a new technique. It is often said that it is a fresco, but in reality a fresco is a painting done on a layer of newly applied plaster still wet. This technique does not allow error and touches later. As Leonardo was primarily a perfectionist, he wanted a technique that could shorten the drying process of the ink
This does not mean he was not an expert, but he wanted the drying delay to execute the work with the greatest perfection imagined. So he developed certain dyes and pigments that have been shown ineffective in relation to conservation. The fresco has been constantly attacked by the action of fungi that decompose, requiring constant maintenance and restoration. Disrespect for art is not a fact that occurs only in our days. Note that, by the need to create a passage for a next room, was opened and then closed the door just about painting, destroying forever a part of the base. A similar fact occurred with the Mona Lisa, which is a painting done on wood panel, which had the sides sawn.
Let us now turn to analyze the picture presented. We see that the figure of Christ is placed exactly in the center and if we trace two perpendicular lines, projecting the vanishing point, we have this convergence point exactly on the right eye of Christ.
https://preview.redd.it/2q63a9akz6pa1.jpg?width=640&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=82b77c2509d79e82fc218c31cb234f3c988e6a78
Thus we have the picture, with Christ at the center position and the apostles distributed on both sides. Around Christ is formed a circle passing through the arc of the door at the back, forming a triangle with the apex up ward and the other with the apex downwards. In the book "The Da Vinci Code", Dan Brown speaks of these symbols in a simplistic way, relating them to the masculine principles, personified by the figure of Christ, and the female, formed between him and John standing right beside him.
As John's features are feminine Dan Brown claims to be Mary Magdalene, who had been his wife and mother of his daughter Sara, giving rise to the dynasty of the Merovingian, the first kings francs (?). He argues that even Jesus to be a Rabbi, could not be single, and would necessarily have to be married. This is true among the Pharisees, but if we consider Jesus as Essene it would not be a fact, because the Essenes took vows of chastity and poverty of course he could not be married. (See studies on Essenes in the Dead Sea Scrolls).
But that does not interest to the narrative of Dan Brown, because it would invalidate the book. Dan Brown is a researcher and I believe he has his knowledge, but I also believe that it is not interested because it contradicts with their commercial interest, because the truth does not sell. This symbolism is represented with two triangles with opposite vertices, is actually very deep, being present in different traditions such as Vedic and Hebrew, which presents two interlocking triangles, forming the six-pointed star.
The six-pointed star, although it is known as the Star of David or Seal of Solomon is present five thousand years ago in the Vedas This symbol contains hermetic principles, such as correspondence, the polarity, as well as the sex and this cannot be reduced simply to a phallic reference. We are not depreciating the work of Dan Brown and recognize who never spoke much about these matters. These works have never been as visited as it is today and this in itself already has its importance, but we have to put things in their right places.
We can relate the triangle with vertex upwards (upper triad=Spirit), containing the principles Will, Wisdom and Mind (Consciousness). The triangle with the apex downwards relates to the matter (unconsciousness). Thus when the two overlapping triangles results in the manifestation of life.
It is the projection of spirit into matter, as we can also see in the painting of Narcissus (below right), by Caravaggio, where he falls in love with his own image reflected in the mirror of water, going to deny its divine origin and losing in the webs of illusion of the world of things, which is transitory, local and temporal. The world of things is composed of the four elements (Fire, Air, Water and Earth).
https://preview.redd.it/3cia4wisz6pa1.jpg?width=557&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=4b8024928bfecb087a46324137ea80e2edca43f5
The combination of the three higher attributes mathematically generates the four material elements.
Let's see. By combining the primary elements, i.e., "A", "B" and "C", produce the four elements, where "A" is associated with "B", "A" is associated with "C", "B "associates with" C "," A "is associated with" B "and" C ".
Thus we have four secondary elements. We also make an analogy with the primary colors, which are blue, yellow and red, that combined together form the four secondary colors, constituting the structure of the septenary manifestation (seven colors of the prism, seven musical notes, seven days a week seven deadly sins, etc...).
Thus, the higher will generate the ternary quaternary, with a combination of three with four, resulting in the twelve that reflect the different basic types of energy, or twelve human archetypes.
The three, four, seven and twelve numbers are sacred numbers, since summarize the constitution of the universe.
The pyramid, for example, is a splendid symbol, it is the ternary seated on a quaternary basis (I and II).
https://preview.redd.it/dx1id0ruz6pa1.jpg?width=545&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=119fc354d756fded879d65a69a9aa453f691579f
If we look at the pyramid over its apex, we shall see the division four equal parts (III). If these parts are opened (IV) will produce 12 angles (combinatorial analysis 3 of 4).
This results in the Maltese cross, or Templar cross (V), where the center is located the eye of God, who sees everything (omniscience), precisely the right eye of Christ, who is the central vanishing point in Leonardo painting (ternary on the quaternary).
In astrology there are three primary types (come Primary Cause is the Absolute = Universal) and four secondary. The three primary types show human behavior. The secondary indicate the human temperament. Human behavior is determined by the mode of expression (Cardinal, or the one who initiates an action. The fixed stabilizes the action. The mutable amend the action). It´s is the gunas of the Vedic tradition: Rajas, Tamas and Sattva, which make up matter.
We can represent these correlations through the diagram below, where the archetypes are formed considering the kinetic and static manifestation of matter and its modulation with three forms of behavior, producing the twelve basic types of temperaments, according to the diagram:
https://preview.redd.it/4cmpcwgxz6pa1.jpg?width=571&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=f443519d8945c6a60906232c7464e8aaab40c41f
We speak of the qualifications of Leonardo that among them he held the astrological knowledge. It is precisely this knowledge that is being revealed in his work. He had deep knowledge of archetypes, detailing its characteristics, perfectly demonstrating the zodiac with the twelve signs of the Sun (Christ) as the center of events and creation, which becomes more evident if we observe that the apostles were arranged in four groups of three.
Thus, we have four groups, linking them to the four seasons of the year with an apostle for each sign.
Each station has three months and consequently three signs, starting in the spring, which is the vernal equinox in the northern hemisphere, with the months of March, April and May, related to Aries, Taurus and Gemini. The summer, with the months of June, July and August, related to Cancer, Leo and Virgo. The autumn, with the months of September, October and November, related to Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarius and winter, including December, January and February, related to Capricorn, Aquarius and Pisces.
https://preview.redd.it/wdvzgvr007pa1.jpg?width=640&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=1ac4ccd825092e43176e5222127031f01ceee4fd
Another way to demonstrate this is the figure we see a three-dimensional form, with the figure of Christ and the apostles to the center divided in the ecliptic (the Sun's equator).
https://preview.redd.it/wkna4mf307pa1.jpg?width=243&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=111e3684719940bb7716d259977049919937a630
In the zodiacal wheel, we have divided the signs forming axes, where a sign has his virtuous characteristics, and the difficulties are experienced in the sign placed in opposition. This refers to the principle of polarity, which says that everything has two poles, and they are similar in nature, varying; however the degree and that these polarities can be reconcilable (The Kybalion - Hermes Trismegistus).
To overcome the difficulties represented by shadow, there to seek the virtues that which is light, located in their opposition.
In reality what must determine between the two poles is the search for balance, i.e., the central point is that the figure of Christ. It is to live the way of temperance, the middle path. The consciousness.
Associating the different disciples (nominated by Leonardo himself), we have the representation in the figure below:
https://preview.redd.it/bssqcv8607pa1.jpg?width=640&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=75601f90d3a08f1dd18d2fe6da25ec0d1cbd5d11
Jesus opens his left hand upward, feeding those placed his left. Are the seasons of spring and summer, where there is the birth and growth. The right hand side down in an act of absorption of energy and experiences accumulated by the autumn and winter seasons, related to maturity and death. This demonstrates the zodiacal cycle of birth and death. It is noted that the same correlation is made in that the light is projected to the left and the right shade Christ. The same polar duality is also represented in the mantle of Jesus delimiting the two hemispheres.
At the head of the table, to the extreme left side of Christ, we have the figure of Simon, representing Aries. Leonardo represents in the order of left to right, since the signs, as seen from the earth moving anti-clockwise.
Aries, the sign that opens the zodiac, is the pioneering characteristics, leadership, initiative, and this is exactly the role demonstrated by Simon, sit at the head table. Aries rules the head and the head of Simon are displayed prominently. The position of Simon's ascendancy over the others. But not only is the position occupied by Simon Aries denoting this role but what the theme suggests, because everything results from something spoken by Simon, as the other apostles are commenting, arguing and watching Simon himself, it was told.
If Aries is related to the self, the personality, Libra corresponds to the other, the relationship and the satisfaction of the need of the partner.
It is ideal for Libra living relationship in an atmosphere of peace, beauty, balance and harmony. The figure of John, diametrically opposed to Simon receives and absorbs the full impact of what was spoken, causing it to assume a posture of submission and retirement. John's hands are placed in position reconciliation. The figure actually has a female face, because Libra, seeking harmony is associated with receptive condition. The garment also refers to balance, in that is divided in two colors. Libra is ruled by Venus and Aries by Mars. This is the axis of individuality, and Aries representing the personification of the psychological ego and Libra the other with whom the ego relates.
Next we have Judas Thaddaeus. It is related to the sign of Taurus. Taurus is characterized by personal values, possessions, to have. Taurus has the need to develop a solid structure, have support. In the painting we see that is the only apostle to lean on the table, put the left arm using the table as a shield. The size of the Taurus is solid, strong. Taurus rules the neck and throat and this is very evident in the painting. The attitude of Judas is prudence. He argues and accepted.
This is the value axis and power, having one side of Taurus and Scorpio on the other.
Scorpio is represented by Judas Iscariot. Scorpio relates to the values ​​of the other, the collective values​​. Judas, for he was treasurer of the group. Scorpio is the sign of the depths, transformation, regeneration or death. Ruled by Pluto or Hades, represents all that is profound and transformative. The role of Judas Iscariot, as misinterpreted by the Christian traditions, was critical to the tragic outcome of the drama that is the passion and resurrection. Judas Iscariot somehow was the most loyal of the apostles, because he did fulfill the scriptures. He took the most painful mission of the group fulfilling the order to terminate the Sinedrion following the proper order of Jesus, when he said, "Judas, would you betray the Son of Man with a kiss? (Luke 22:48).
Actually Scorpio is the dynamo of the Zodiac, because it determines the transformation processes necessary for evolution of life. Judas Iscariot in the painting is presented as a spectator, watching the unfolding drama, examining the course of events. These are characteristics of Scorpio. Deeply analyzes, traces the strategies and act at the right time, accurately.
Next we have Matthew, related to Gemini whose ruler is Mercury. Gemini is related to the whole mental process and communication. The mental concrete, the process of accumulation of cognitive and applied knowledge to material reality. The natives of Gemini are slender and agile, jovial, looking curious and considering all possible variables facing situations. They can be considered, sometimes contradictory, unstable, and fickle. Matthew demonstrates some of these features.
He is communicating with Simon, looking at him, but arguing with hands and arms as if he had considering all aspects of what was said. May also appear an ambiguity between what was said and what the group thinks. As Gemini is related to communication and speech relates anatomically to the shoulders, arms and hands and this is what we also noted the figure of Matthew, who is also considered the reporter of Christ, like Mercury (Hermes), the messenger of Jupiter (Zeus).
We have here the axis of knowledge and wisdom. Peter opposes Matthew, representing Sagittarius. It is the sign associated with religion.
Sagittarius governs the higher subjects, abstract knowledge and spontaneously puts into the unknown. Sometimes it is brutish and can express themselves with excessive frankness. This corresponds to the spirit of Peter, who founded the Church, or the Christian religion, with Paul (Saulo de Tarsus).
The faith when taken to its ultimate consequences may be blind and in his defense all can be allowed. Peter's hand is holding a knife to defend his own ideals, not in a threatening attitude to John, by some want to believe, even argued by Dan Brown. Sagittarius, the centaur wields the bow with the arrow to be thrown. Anatomically Sagittarius governs the hips and this is evident in the painting. The right hand rests on it. The disposition of the body of Peter remembers the design of the symbol of Sagittarius.
In the sequel we have Philip, associated to Cancer.
Here we come to the bottom of the Zodiac, or Imum Coeli (Latin for "bottom of the sky"), is the axial point of the unconscious corresponding to all devotional manifestation, the maternal feeling, the origins and traditions. This relates to home and family and Philip embodies this archetype.
With distinctly feminine face, Philip takes his two hands to his chest, as if calling everyone as children to be reconciled. Indeed, precisely Cancer governs the breasts, stomach and uterus. Hands with arms also form a figure that resembles the claws of the crab is the cancer itself.
This is the time axis, with the past and destiny. The past is associated to cancer, the mother, and the future (Capricorn) with father. So Capricorn governs the destination, i.e., what we seek as a career, as the goal of life and social role as we seek and desire recognition. It concerns the authority.
So, Andrew as Capricorn is clearly a Capricorn attitude. Capricorn is cautious and practical and could be cold and pessimistic. As Philip says "come to me," Andrew seems to say "depart from me", because to assume the responsibilities is to calculate and plan what should be done.
Capricorn corresponds anatomically to the entire bone structure, knees, skin. In painting Andrew is the one who has hands with bony fingers, demonstrating the bone structure. Alongside Philip, we see James the Less, related to Lion.
Leo is sovereign. Charismatic, flashy, creative, dramatic, seeks recognition through the exhibition. It is ruled by the Sun and radiates its light.
Leo governs the heart that is analogous to body sun. These characteristics are clearly incorporated to James Minor. Surely he is the most beautiful scenic figure painting. James to take the attitude of open arms, exposing the light, standing next to Christ himself.
Demonstrates an open chest, the heart of generosity, a typically leonine behavior, which sometimes comes to be naïve and centered on vanity and self-centeredness.
This is the axis of the power of creation. If Leo is the maintenance of creation, Aquarius is change and renewal which is also creation. Leo governs the power of the king, the monarch. Aquariums are the collective power, the group, society. This axis is that occur the struggle for power.
Aquarius, with Uranus the ruler promotes all sorts of abrupt changes, meaning always drastic changes. Often in the name of innovation is deposed monarch for the establishment of a new regime, to then become similar with the previous model. It is what is observed with the Aquarian revolutions like the French Revolution, with the deposition of Louis XVI. Napoleon was later crowned as emperor (Leo). Recently, we have the Cuban Revolution, with the deposition of Dictator Fulgencio Batista and Fidel ruling as King-Dictator.
Aquarius is associated in this way, the actions of libertarian, to rebellion, radicalism because it is engaged with human values, such as progressive values, but it is impersonal.
Analyzing the figure of James the Greater, we see that it does not appear in the foreground. He does not expose himself alone, but through the group, through diplomacy and see: Aquarius is the sign of friendship and we see James hugging Andrew and Peter, demonstrating that the strength comes from the group and not on individual attitudes.
Finally, we have Thomas, representing the Virgin.
The Virgo is related to the practicality, analysis and criticism. It also ruled by Mercury, but here the mental focuses on utilitarian and practical application to be given to all things. For that reason they questioned him, details and discriminate. Virgos is in extreme need to feel useful and provide their service, but to do so he needs to understand the cause of things. Within these characteristics we see the figure of Thomas. Thomas needs to see to believe.
Thomas in his act of inquisitor asks to Christ himself, in that puts her right in front of Jesus forefinger. As Virgo tends toward shyness and humility, Thomas is also placed in a position away from the table.
This is the axis of the serve, having Virgin correspond to service pragmatic and Pisces, the humanist service, sometimes not very clear and perceptible, which may lead Pisces to live in a state of unreality.
Pisces is associated with the dreamer inspiration and understanding. Are compassionate, emotional, intuitive and romantic, but for this state of contemplation, if not well channeled, can lead to evasion and fanciful attitudes, having difficulty perceiving reality.
Bartholomew the Apostle is which closes the zodiacal circle. He is on the other side of the table. It clearly demonstrates the Piscean characteristics. It seems that his vision is directed to a point that goes beyond the environment portrayed, a point diffuse and may not realize exactly what is going on. Does not speak, only observes, contemplates and accepts. Pisces rules the feet are just his feet, interlaced, which are illuminated under the table. Pisces has great intuitive potential, but needs to know how he can transform his nature, his sense of serving humanity in a more practical and constructive way.
Thus we come complete cycle of the zodiac, sounding clear that the message displayed in this painting, as in other works of genius. It conveys much more than seemingly suggests.
True knowledge was hidden in encrypted form by the need to preserve it, protecting it from the misunderstanding of those who thought they possessed the truth. What is hidden, veiled, does not mean it is not to be seen. It is only unveiled to those with eyes to see. Leonardo leaves us that genuine arcane wisdom was, is and will be the knowledge which guides humanity toward enlightenment through awareness.
Astrology, by the psychological approach is a process that allows us to analyze, understanding paradoxes, our conflicts, our shadow, our projections, and perhaps, through self-knowledge, doing the reintegration of contents for consciousness, so we can promote the process of transforming into true human, and better integrated with the sacred.
The path continues to be followed.
Astrology shall be understood in this view, showing that the splendor of diversity means that we may above all be tolerant and compassionate, understand the nature of the differences and accept them as a manifestation of the same source of life.

https://preview.redd.it/29jtgr8xw5pa1.png?width=600&format=png&auto=webp&s=0c79742f2a7747db0ac8c9a319cb61a5129e5cdb
Stage 43 Theatrical Society is excited to announce its latest production, God of Carnage, written by Yasmina Reza, translated by Christopher Hampton, and directed by Aaron Davis. This production will feature a talented cast of four actors, including Leona Atkinson, Dovreshin MacRae, Lisa Pope, and Harry Pering.
God of Carnage is a dark comedy play that tells the story of two sets of parents who meet to discuss a fight that has taken place between their 11-year-old sons. What starts as a civil conversation quickly devolves into chaos, revealing the darker sides of each character as tensions rise. The play addresses themes of societal expectations, parenting, marriage, and the human tendency towards aggression and violence, ultimately asking the audience to consider the true nature of human behavior and the ways in which we interact with one another.
"We're thrilled to bring God of Carnage to Coquitlam audiences," says Aaron Davis, the play's director. "This production is a must-see for anyone who loves satire or dark comedy and wants to be entertained and provoked at the same time." He adds, "I've been itching to bring God of Carnage to life for the past ten years. This play shines a light on our not-so-great human traits in today's world, making it more relevant than ever. You'll see yourself and others in these characters, sparking fresh insights on how we interact. Plus, with its thought-provoking and cathartic moments wrapped in non-stop humor, it's the perfect example of what makes theatre magical."
God of Carnage opens on April 27, 2023
Stage 43 Theatrical Society has been producing quality theatre in the Coquitlam, Port Coquitlam, and Port Moody area of British Columbia since 1983, and is committed to showcasing local talent and providing affordable entertainment to the community. The group is a proud member of the Theatre BC Fraser Valley Zone and God of Carnage is their entry into the 2023 zone festival in May.
The play will be performed at Evergreen Cultural Centre, 1205 Pinetree Way, Coquitlam, from April 27-29, 2023 at 7:30pm, April 30, 2023 at 3:00pm, and May 3-6, 2023 at 7:30pm. Tickets are available now and can be purchased online, by phone (604-927-6555), or in person at the box office. Individual show tickets are priced at $28 for Adults and $24 for Senior & Students. Use the discount code “COMEDY” to get 2-for-1 pricing on adult tickets for the May 3rd performance! The play is suitable for ages 18 and up without parental guidance.
https://www.stage43.com/godofcarnage

Human-centered design looks at creating environments and spaces for the needs of the people where the end result must be considered. It is essential to understand the people you are designing for where the function is evaluated before the form. The area that you are creating has a direct impact on the people it is intended for, and the context is crucial because it shows the purpose and function of the design. The buildings that do not follow the principle of human-centered design are put at a disadvantage where the users of the space are not fully catered for, and additional changes will have to be made further along. However, the area will never indeed be ideal for the intended use. It is vital for designers to plan how a space will work before construction or final additions are made. This is why the main problems must be identified and focused on; the intended user is the basis of the design and must be considered, all aspects must be cohesive and mesh well together as independent systems will not work, and lastly, trials and evaluations are essential for it to be the best environment for the people. Designers should be fully involved in the designs they create, and the plans that are made must be socially and politically progressive, not just economically based (Björgvinsson et al., 2012). There are real benefits to human-centered design, and they can be implemented in different scenarios. The four areas focused on are human-centered design in businesses, public spaces, private spaces and homes where technology plays a significant role, and rural developments.
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Fig 1. Human Centered Design Principles (Net Solutions, 2020)
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Human-centered design in businesses is favourable because they target two groups of people which are employees and customers. Employees are looked after when the space is designed specifically for the duties that need to be carried out. The human-centered design also looks at making the workplace more inclusive, which in turn helps workers to feel the company cares and values them. Younger employees are less likely to stay at a job they are not enjoying. Millennial managers also play a role in how the business is constructed, and they are more open to a flexible work environment where the people who work for the company are thought about in the way the space is designed (Rosa & Hastings, 2018). Customers are also considered when carrying out human-centered design as they are fundamental for a company’s profit. Often existing buildings are used for commercial spaces where they need to be flexible for a variety of different tasks, but it is sometimes forgotten what people need to thrive in the area that they are in to maximize productivity. There are regulations set out for what needs to be adhered to in an office, such as the amount of natural light and ventilation required. It is so easy for businesses to overlook how to creatively use a room without reducing floor space when money is the main objective. Our employees are the direct link to customers, which will affect the profit made. Human-centered design is the future of the workplace as it will benefit the gain of the business and reduce staff turnover.
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Fig 2. The power of human-centered design to understand customer journeys (Territory, 2022)
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Public spaces can also use human-centered design and can overlap with the theory of urban design. Urban design looks at people and places, and it involves building spaces and landscapes with an integrated design and how they each affect the movement pattern of an area. Urban design combined with human-centered design can increase the social interaction of a space where it becomes more accessible for people to use. (Urban Design Committee, 2015) physical planning is essential, but how it will affect the people it is intended for is crucial to the success of the plan (Rand, 1969). Many public spaces do not end up working for many reasons, one of the biggest causes being that rooms were designed to be looked at rather than used. Often some features to look out for are when a space is not inviting to people; there are not enough places to sit, and not enough options both in the sun or the shade and having unclear or hidden entrances. As designers, it is so important to think about the user of the space and how they will interact with it, public areas must be easy to see, and the person must be able to get in. Places that are designed for people must value the function rather than solely focusing on the aesthetic. Lastly, why public spaces do not end up working as well as planned because paths are not designed for where people want to go; they either lead to a dead end, or they do not connect to the right places. In South Africa, to be more specific, our public spaces are not being utilized to their full potential and for the intended use; this is mainly because of safety issues as well as the majority of people using cars to get around, and these spaces are built around the dominance of vehicles. This leads to a lack of crossroads and sidewalks that are not wide enough. (Project for Public Spaces, 2009). People want life to be as simple as possible, and when an area makes it easier to get around in a car rather than walking, more people will choose that option. This ultimately deters people from wanting to use the space. This makes it very clear why human-centered design is so crucial in the planning stage of any design. The main aim is for a space to be used in the most efficient way. The human-centered design takes time because the use of the area needs to be determined, but issues like deadlines and budget eventually affect the final plan. When designing and planning, the physical conditions of space are vital to take into consideration, but the reason behind people's activities in the public sphere has a more considerable influence on how the space will be used in the future. Spaces need to be more approachable, which is why human-centered design is more valuable to spend time and money on for more public spaces.
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Fig 3. Placemaking Through Public Infrastructure (Karnath, 2021)
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The design has always been popular in homes to customize the space exactly how the client wants it. People come to their homes every day, and these spaces will influence us. They need to follow the function set out for them, but it should also be a healthy environment. The human-centered design allows positive long-term well-being. This way of designing is not a movement but rather a proposal to make designing better for the people using the space. Our environments are constantly changing, especially with the developments of technology. Our spaces need to support that. There is then a direct link between technology and human-centered design as they both make the user's life easier, so when it comes to designing homes, both need to be considered and work in conjunction (Purkayastha, 2022). The internet has changed the home environment, and people no longer need to leave their homes to be connected to the physical media; they can now stay home to view the news, magazines or even books. Homes directly link people to their devices. With the advancements in technology, designers must take a modern approach when planning how a space will work. Technology can also be used for older people who require assistance, and the way a space is designed for them is crucial. It is essential to make life easier for them, and housing is a basic need. A space can be designed with a specific user in mind. (Guihen, B. 2016). It is essential to look at what makes a worthwhile user experience. Functionality must be considered first so the interaction and usability can be focused on to achieve the intended objective in the most effective way. The next stage is to see how to design specifically for the user experience. The basic needs of the person must be fulfilled, and this happens when the designer keeps close communication with the client to find this out. Designers need to plan for experiences that are happening now and future experiences. This is why a combination of technology must be used but also empathy and emotion from the designer. Technology can control many design elements, for example, lighting, which has a significant impact on the mood of the user. Once you know what makes a design user-friendly and the needs of the client, the user experience must then be merged into everyday life. This is the challenge designers will be faced with because it deals with highly personal aspects, and it will directly impact the social dynamics of family life in a home. Intelligent devices can eventually lead to people competing for attention, and this is why designers need to create an environment where technology is not overpowering the home. Calm technology or calm design is where the technology and the user work together where it is in the user's periphery rather than constantly at the center of attention. Therefore, designers, through human-centered design, can better the everyday life of people and enhance their well-being (Eggen et al., 2016).
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Fig 4. Do We Need Human-Centered Design in Data Products? (Panchenko, 2022)
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When it comes to implementing a human-centered design in rural developments, the first thing to consider is precisely what issue or problem will be targeted. There are many more significant issues found in rural areas, like sanitation and agriculture, compared to the private sector that can't be solved as quickly. However, human-centered design is all about improving spaces for people, even on a smaller scale, for it to be more user-friendly. Some more common issues that are faced in rural areas are restricted access to health care, poor infrastructure and cultural stigmas. This may be challenging for designers as it may limit them from making specific design choices. When entering rural communities, designers need to understand that they live pretty differently compared to people living in urban areas or cities. The problems they face are different in many ways. Their basic needs need to be fulfilled first. All of the issues community members face in rural developments directly impact their health and wellness. Most designers avoid these areas because of the extreme difficulty of lack of resources, impractical working conditions, and the methods of construction where it may require the need to train people locally in the area, which takes time and limitations in budget. Designers must understand the history of the place they are designing for. It is not about replacing what is already there but rather improving existing systems. It is essential to understand the lifestyles of the rural community members (Gaur, 2022). Communication between the designer and the people you are designing for is vital because when specific issues are brought up, solutions can be created which end up being more sustainable and cost-efficient as they target the direct issue. Design can change lives when it answers the problems real people are facing. By going to rural communities, we give people a voice where their future will be positively impacted. The possibility human-centered design can provide is why it should be used. The information gathered can be highly beneficial for not only future plans but existing systems as well (iDE Using Human-centered Design to Discover Solutions to Poverty, 2022).
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Fig 5. village background illustration (Luchimargar, 2022)
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When it comes to human-centered design, the most significant reasons not to execute this problem-solving technique are time and money limitations. After looking at the four areas of businesses, public spaces, private spaces and rural developments, one can see human-centered design would benefit each scenario. Some areas are harder to control or implement this design tool, but with each sector, straightforward ways to improve people's lifestyles will help. Human-centered design looks at constructing and planning for the people and understanding their issues is vital for an effective strategy. The design makes innovation and productivity possible. It is now determined that problem-solving and knowledge about the generation you are designing for are key (Hobday et al., 2012). The issues of money restrictions can be solved if more time is spent considering the user as the design becomes more cost-effective and sustainable. Often structures are too complex for the issue they have been tasked to solve. Simple techniques work out the problems people face on a daily basis. For the future to thrive, design needs to revolve around the people that use them.
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Fig 6: Business team, company staff meeting (Anastas.Gisin170333, 2022)
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https://preview.redd.it/32royqstk5pa1.png?width=487&format=png&auto=webp&s=4d755db4bee7baef1e2c7c23fef13edc0570c8a9
References:
Björgvinsson, E., Ehn, P., & Hillgren, P. (2012). Design Things and Design Thinking: Contemporary Participatory Design Challenges. Design Issues, 28(3), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00165
Eggen, B., Van Den Hoven, E., & Terken, J. (2016). Human-Centered Design and Smart Homes: How to Study and Design for the Home Experience? Springer EBooks, 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01583-5_6
Gaur, P. (2022). 10 Issues architects face while working in rural areas, and how to overcome them. Rethinking the Future. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/architectural-community/aa3164-10-issues-architects-face-while-working-in-rural-areas-and-how-to-overcome-them/
Guihen, B. (2016). Making Space for Ageing: Embedding Social and Psychological Needs of Older People into Smart Home Technology. In E. Domínguez-Rué & L. Nierling (Eds.), Ageing and Technology: Perspectives from the Social Sciences (pp. 141–162). Transcript Verlag. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1xxrwd.9
Hobday, M., Boddington, A., & Grantham, A. (2012). An Innovation Perspective on Design: Part 2. Design Issues, 28(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00137
iDE Using human-centered design to discover solutions to poverty. (2022). iDE. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.ideglobal.org/story/human-centered-design
Project for Public Spaces. (2009, December 29). Why Public Spaces Fail. Project for Public Spaces. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.pps.org/article/failedplacefeat
Purkayastha, D. (2022). An overview of Human Centered Architecture. Rethinking the Future. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/architectural-styles/a5522-an-overview-of-human-centered-architecture/
Rand, G. (1969). What psychology asks of urban planning. American Psychologist, 24(10), 929–935. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0028828
Rosa, N. M., & Hastings, S. A. (2018). Managing Millennials: looking beyond generational stereotypes. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(4), 920–930. https://www.proquest.com/docview/2066372733/DEE57C21FAF245B2PQ/8
Urban Design Committee. (2015, June 4). Human Centered Design for the Public Realm. Urban Design Committee. Retrieved March 21, 2023, from https://medium.com/voices-of-urban-design/human-centered-design-for-the-public-realm-c11b6de3cb5d
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images:
figure 1:
Net Solutions. (2020, July 9). Human Centered design priciples. Net Solutions. https://www.netsolutions.com/insights/create-product-with-human-centered-design/
figure 2:
Territory. (2022, October 6). The power of human-centered design to understand customer journeys. Territory. https://territory.co/2022/10/the-power-of-human-centered-design-to-understand-customer-journeys/
figure 3:
Karnath, A. (2021, February 3). Placemaking Through Public Infrastructure. Gannett Fleming. https://www.gannettfleming.com/blog/placemaking-through-public-infrastructure/
figure 4:
Panchenko, M. (2022). Do We Need Human-Centered Design in Data Products? Eleken. https://www.eleken.co/blog-posts/do-we-need-human-centered-design-in-data-products
figure 5:
Luchimargar. (2022). Vector indian village background illustration. a beautiful village with farmlands, trees in the background. Freepik. https://www.freepik.com/premium-vectoindian-village-background-illustration-beautiful-village-with-farmlands-trees-background_37059878.htm#query=village%20hut&position=32&from_view=keyword&track=ais
figure 6:
Anastas.Gisin170333. (2022). Business team, company staff meeting. Vecteezy. https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/7158408-business-team-company-staff-meeting-teamwork-colleagues-work-together-flat-vector-illustration-isolated

TL;DR: Citadel doesn't just have a major outsized influence in the US stock market via its market making firm/hedge fund, but also a major indirect influence via Headlands (biggest municipal bond trading firm made of 3 ex-Citadel employees), and direct influence on sovereign debt (can decide when sovereign credit default swaps pay out) with its seat on the CDDC (Credit Derivatives Determinations Committee).
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https://preview.redd.it/ltb4s44yl5pa1.png?width=640&format=png&auto=webp&s=68fc21cf2ea5bf9f1fcdf49738d7a36e77869ff6
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Hi y’all. Been some while since have been able to post regularly here, so I’m returning alongside my recent post on FHLB with a bit of a “DD". Partial rush job, so all errors are mine and mine alone (obviously)
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0. Sphere of Influence

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Over the past 84 years (/s), you lovely apes at Superstonk have been able to fish out many of the finer points of corruption crystallized into pure, unadulterated financial terrorism and financial terrorist-level crime undertaken by Steve Cohen (Point 72), Jeff Yass (Susquehanna), Doug Cifu & Vincent Viola (Virtu), as well as Wolverine Trading, Jane Street, TwoSigma, and more. But, of course, much of it has centered on our Mayo-artist-in-residence and his firm, that of none other but Ken Griffin and Citadel.
One of the biggest finds that has come to light has been the complete and utter bullshit of having (1) a hedge fund and (2) owning a market making firm that most DEFINITELY does not use that non-public information to its benefit? I mean, it would be easy for us to check except that we need 5 swipes to even access that level of inner sanctum at Citadel, which–per DLauer’s words–is more than the fucking Pentagon.
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https://preview.redd.it/4fu0w15el5pa1.png?width=606&format=png&auto=webp&s=1c47c25197fb9f5543fcad01a4dc0e30b48ebeac
But despite Ken Griffin’s reach into every aspect of the most influential stock market in the world, that is not his ONLY level of his sphere of influence. For we, dear apes, can step back and revisit this idea that Citadel’s power duo (its market making firm and hedge fund) is more like a single part of a Big 3.

1. Meet the Big 3

Citadel’s sphere of influence includes not JUST (1) the stock market business, but directly or indirectly, the (2) U.S. municipal and bond markets, plus (3) the sovereign debt/sovereign debt credit default swap markets.
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Yes, you heard that right. Citadel not only has some sufficient level of influence to tank your favorite stock–and, in turn–retirement fund, but can also effectively drive your city into the fucking ground, or even your country.
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I’ve written about each of these at length, and wanted to revisit some pieces in the wake of our recent dick twitchings of the coming financial crash.
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2. Meet the Municipal Bond Market

Citadel has an indirect grip tickling the taint of the municipal bond market, believe it or not. I first wrote about the municipal bond market here (“Headlands: How ex-Mayo mercenaries copy pasted Citadel’s model in the muni bond market”): https://www.reddit.com/Superstonk/comments/sy6ubj/headlands_how_exmayo_mercenaries_copy_pasted/. For those unfamiliar with municipal bonds, I’ll reiterate what they are and why many push them as a safe investment in most times (with some caution being thrown intermittently due to the collapse of regional banks like FRC and Silicon Valley Bank):
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https://preview.redd.it/e8bqxn3wk5pa1.png?width=1326&format=png&auto=webp&s=cc1e3c44bced207ca23105ae48110eb7298441f1
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“Municipal bonds (or "munis" for short) help towns/cities raise money for projects like building schools, parks, and fixing highways. Many retail investors--admittedly, on the wealthier side--invest in munis for tax incentives like not paying federal tax on bond returns. In certain cases, certain muni buys also mean no state taxes are paid…Just like what had happened to stocks, the old-school market for buying and selling muni bonds is going electronic. This is mainly done through an ATS, or "alternative trading system" known also as a dark pool. This speeds up the process of buying and selling munis, making it closer to a "house auction".

In the wake of the SVB (Silicon Valley Bank), there have already been rumblings of its effect on the municipal bond market (Bloomberg “Bank Woes Create Bond Bargain in Obscure Corner of Muni Market”):
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“Investor concerns over the crises within the financial industry are bleeding into a corner of the $4 trillion municipal-bond market where major investment banks guarantee energy for public utilities….
Spreads have widened on so-called prepaid gas bonds, which government agencies use to purchase long-term supplies of natural gas. Large institutional banks act as facilitators of the transactions, guaranteeing the supply and providing investors tax-exempt exposure to bank credit….

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3. San Jose, Revisited

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That part about “large institutional banks” acting as facilitators of the transactions is what we saw in part in this post by [redacted].
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https://preview.redd.it/5pp1500xi5pa1.png?width=1128&format=png&auto=webp&s=b4f48ce1f6d11fff15d44cc47b2174882e34eb03
A commenter spoke about this, and how it wasn’t Wells Fargo in doo doo but the city of San Jose.
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“I believe in theses cases it’s not Wells Fargo that has a problem but the city of San José.

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„Because presentments are currently processed automatically at DTC, IPAs have the option to refuse to pay (“RTP”) for maturing MMI Obligations to protect against the possibility that an IPA may not be able to fund settlement because it has not received funds from the relevant issuer. „ -> Wells Fargo didn’t receive the money from San José city.
Wells Fargo acts as an issuing agent for the city - the city transfers assets to the trustee and the trustee securitizes the assets and offers the money market securities to investors. The assets generate money (for example a sports arena that was build) and that money goes through the city of San José to the trustee who is managed by Wells Fargo.

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https://preview.redd.it/nc8lbgwsk5pa1.png?width=1280&format=png&auto=webp&s=35e2c386534eb904608db679a9954affe0338c9a

Wells Fargo has no liability or influence on the money that comes from the city and is distributed to the investors. If the money doesn’t come or isn’t sufficient, the assets are sold or liquidated and used to pay investors.
Anyway: Wells Fargo acts on behalf of the city and is not responsible they just handle securitization but don’t have any influence on payments or failure/default.”

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In this case, we might be seeing one of the first of MANY issues of cities up shit’s creek over this.
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4. The Municipal Bond Market Time Bomb

The size of the municipal market is A SHIT TON BIGGER than the corporate bond market, which will already show even more signs of being turbo fucked due to borrowing at low interest rates for years. Here’s the size of the municipal bond market for scale, sans banana:
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https://preview.redd.it/9pcmm2c9j5pa1.png?width=760&format=png&auto=webp&s=869c0863c6ecc788c29d6dbe37da76521a700d1e
Unfortunately, just like retirement funds, many muni investors are “buy and hold”: they buy a muni expecting a safe, long-term return with no federal income tax and then, welp, shit hits the fan. The market is heavily illiquid too, meaning if shit needs to move, then you might be fucked. Only about 1% of municipal securities trade any given day, in auctions that often take HOURS:
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“Now, the primary method of trading on this doesn't look like the New York Stock Exchange or like Nasdaq. It looks like an auction. It takes about 4 hours. An auction is initiated. Participants who come in can bid on this, and it is a competitive auction that yields a very good price.”

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Now to my understanding you can’t short these bonds, but the long time frame means its hard to sell these illiquid assets. Not only that, THERE IS NO NATIONAL NBBO (National Best Bid Offer)...you’re flying blind while this shit happens.
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Now if you’re wondering what magnanimous souls are helping municipal bonds be sold or fixed in a timely manner for cities like San Jose, well have I got news for you.
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5. Meet Headlands, U.S. Municipal/Bond Market Making Firm…Run by 3 Ex-Citadel Employees

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Two months after the sneeze (March 2021), TD Ameritrade bought municipal bond market maker Headlands. Yes, that’s right…an electronic market maker just like Citadel, this time for bonds for cities and towns vs. stocks. Now let’s check the fine fellows that run this:
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https://preview.redd.it/i1jnj88bj5pa1.png?width=1886&format=png&auto=webp&s=a6ea375e929a247f0b9618fed703ef519561a6a2

• Jason Lehman: Citadel Investment Group, began/ran their global options market making, dipped his dick in Japanese convertible bonds, and managed “Private Investments”
• Neil Fitzpatrick: Citadel Execution Services COO (Citadel Investment affiliate), ran equities/options. Ex-Knight Capital Group, did Citadel’s OTC and equity shit. Direct Edge board of directors.
• Matthew Andresen, co-CEO Citadel Derivatives (Citadel Investment affiliate). Previously served on board of directors/committees in the past from International Securities Exchange, Direct Edge, CFTC, Lava Trading (Citi’s electronic trading unit that made LavaFlow)

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Of note, Matthew Andresen founded Island, one of the 1st dark pools EVER and 2nd only to “Instinet” (who also got an even bigger wave of funds during the sneeze, info courtesy of Ringing Bells) and was featured heavily in the Scott Patterson book “Dark Pools”.
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https://preview.redd.it/ibr2d9xcj5pa1.png?width=200&format=png&auto=webp&s=ea86240da04d87d28dd9561b4afdb13d600de764
Ol Matty told us that Headlands is completely automated, and where some muni traders make 75-100 muni bond sales a day (sometimes over the phone), Headlands currently bids on 10,000+ bond auctions a day with its algo. Matty Boi even said if that number ever 10x’d “we wouldn’t notice.” Even more sus, Headlands has been growing its own “holdings” of muni bonds on its books.
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6. In Bros We Trust

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So remember, this branch of 3 ex-Citadel bros is front and center to the issues already rearing their head. In my previous post, these were just SOME of the already teetering municipal bond issues:
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• Some might have history befall them again: last time the market crashed, Michael Burry’s California went spiraling down to BBB rated for many municipal bonds. California is a special muni case where it generally does well when times are good; much of their revenue is tied to personal income taxes. But when shit goes tits up, it goes tits up.
• Major projects have tons of debt piling up due to the [March 2020 crash] New Jersey built a giant ass mall–I kid you not--called “The American Dream” over 10+ years that has no sales receipts to cover it in part due to the dropoff in retail buying. As of 2 weeks ago, the mall only had like less than $1000 in the bank to pay off muni debt (“Developer Triple Five Group also sold US$800 million of muni-debt backed by payments they agreed to make to bondholders instead of paying property taxes”)...

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https://preview.redd.it/s8wqbdtej5pa1.png?width=1217&format=png&auto=webp&s=d2ee309462354293b1a4907d0966889bd841089f

• NYC’s MTA has been getting reamed by both ends. One of the biggest shitstains on its books is that it took out a shit ton of municipal debt and opted to sell $3 billion in bonds to the Fed’s muni lending program to stay afloat

And this issues extends way beyond the U.S.' 50 states...it even affects our territories too.
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7. Hurricane

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What began this rabbit hole was the one and only welp 0 0 7, who caught wind of some fuckery in the municipal bond market:
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https://preview.redd.it/rsul8xsmj5pa1.png?width=1324&format=png&auto=webp&s=f593d8b9d18e962df50609ba114d0b7093c0cdaf
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In the post, he mentioned how "American Thinker" 's Joseph Lawler mentioned the SEC has been giving fucking STIFF Heismans nonstop (or per [redacted] the ol' Dustin Martin "don't argues" for you Aussie apes!) on FOIA requests (Freedom of Information Act) related to the municipal bond default in Puerto Rico, the BIGGEST bond default in America's history EVER.
It went all the way the way up to a federal court in California where the SEC said "we don't know what you're talking about" when others found they have fucking 2800 pages of documents on it and nearly 270,000(!) emails referencing it referencing a billion dollar Ponzi scheme on the level of fucking Bernie Madoff.
Big banks (Citi, Wells Fargo, BoFa) had their scheme collapse in 2016, potentially bribed senators to kill investigations into it by the DOJ and now the SEC is caught in yet ANOTHER 2 lawsuits saying they fucking aided and abetted this shit.

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https://preview.redd.it/te7m9b5pj5pa1.png?width=782&format=png&auto=webp&s=72fccaee202099011c280636e1501bd570544a2c
You see, because this level of municipal bond includes fuckery includes not just cities and towns, but U.S. TERRITORIES. In my post about Hurricane Maria’s effect on Puerto Rico, I talked about how UBS and others loaded up Puerto Rico with debt because of what’s called a “Treasury Put” guarantee that was even called “an exit strategy” for banks (“They describe the "treasury put" as "...the implicit guarantee -- as perceived by investors -- from a government agency to provide support in the event of financial distress by the issuer of Puerto Rican bonds."”).
Puerto Rico’s default was the largest in US history, EVER. And all this the same while guess who was holding the bag? Let’s see what W S O P tells us:
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“The reality is that a large percentage of Puerto Rico’s debt is held in tax-free municipal bonds and municipal bond mutual funds, owned not by Wall Street banks or tycoons, but by mom and pop investors seeking tax-free income.”

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https://preview.redd.it/1a2vz6brj5pa1.png?width=730&format=png&auto=webp&s=529db6c15522fd84560746523f76bc180207a496
So once again, whether its retirement funds or municipal bonds, its retail caught holding the bag. And this hasn't changed for years. We’ve seen similar fuckery with bonds for NYC in the 70s, and more recently in the 00s for Detroit.
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One astute wrinkle by the name of [redacted] posted this on that original post trying to dig into how it could all be related:
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…how the MMLF fund that expanded money/credit to towns/cities started including commercial paper…but also leveraged near the 15 to 1 ratio perhaps under the Net Capital Requirement limit:
[redacted said]: "$500B at 14:1 Leverage? If I'm making the right connection between the flavor of asset, that's just under the 15x Net Capital Requirement limit. Is this all the Fed had/could afford? Or is this all they needed at the time?

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8. Don't Bet Against America...Says the Banks and Hedge Funds That Already Did

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Commercial Paper? Municipals related? Now where does that sound familiar? Ah, yes…the city of San Jose got its call-out by Wells Fargo over COMMERCIAL PAPER. This comes as the push for ppl into municipal bond markets continues, trying to sell it as a “safe haven” to retail investors. Vanguard just recently launched its first ETF–surprise, its first US-listed ETF in 2 years– for municipal bonds (selling point: “hey everyone it’s tax-exempt! Give us money plz!”) for example:
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https://preview.redd.it/1v8qrfctj5pa1.png?width=1780&format=png&auto=webp&s=8e15ea68094ecdc212a18677fa1966158e362134
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Many of us can see all of it for what it is. Bullshit. In the wake of the SVB collapse, there is still a strong push that these regional banks–many of which lend to municipalities–will be fine. This “safe haven” theory continues, even as articles try to have them appeal abroad (such as a few days ago, “ ESG Factors of Munis May Attract Non-US Investors” “https://www.marketsmedia.com/esg-factors-of-munis-may-attract-non-us-investors/”)
Even further, one last find is that . I mean it’s not like credit default swaps can be taken on cities and towns in theory right?
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FWIW also I found an interesting research paper talking about hedge funds buying up credit default swaps, and how they could potentially bankrupt towns/municipalities through some of these moves if they wanted: https://openyls.law.yale.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.13051/8264/MingJieWangCreditDefaultS.pdf?sequence=2
"Another potential concern is that even in a market that is generally liquid, the market for individual single-name [Credit default swap]s may be quite small, which could allow a single bad actor (a hedge fund, for example) to force a municipality into default..."

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This is all while we have 3 ex-Citadel heads in charge of just how the municipal bond market moves, like that of San Jose.
So is this where Citadel’s reach stops? Clearly, no. It doesn’t stop at the US border, just like how Mayo Force One doesn’t.

10. ELI5: What’s a Soverign Credit Default Swap?

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https://preview.redd.it/x5z73ef9k5pa1.png?width=1500&format=png&auto=webp&s=e3f0155a2015cecae29d739aca7729e44565566f
That’s right, mofos. You read that sub-header right. In case you’re wondering, not only can you take out credit default swaps on a failing Swiss bank like CS, but you can do so ON ENTIRE FUCKING COUNTRIES.
In one of my old posts “Sovereign Debts & Ransom Notes: Pt. 1 The Importance of Being Non-Linearly Destabilized through Sovereign Credit Default Swaps”
(“https://www.reddit.com/Superstonk/comments/t35rdi/sovereign_debts_ransom_notes_pt_1_the_importance/”), I talked a little more about the insanity of these things even existing.
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Sovereign credit default swaps exist. Long story short: sovereign credit default swaps are insurance policies that if a country defaults (usually on its debt)then you get paid! Like many other shit that we’ve seen in the GME saga, they are a form of financial derivative (a bet that something goes up, a bet that something goes down) on an underlying (the thing you’re betting on)....They can be used to insure government debt for a country in case that country is unable to pay its debt, for example. However, just like other instruments, naked sovereign credit default swaps also exist.

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Naked sovereign credit default swaps are used to bet that a country or a country's debt will fail without you owning that country's debt. In part, they were destabilising during the Euro-crisis immediately after the 2008 financial crash. Greece was one of the countries that got naked shorted in 2008. In fact, the country got shorted so bad they were worried about fucking SHORT SQUEEZES on Greek debt and the sovereign CDSs!
In 2012, the EU put a ban on naked sovereign credit default swaps. However, workarounds include the fact that a country can effectively change its mind on it within 24 hours and all the regulatory agency can do is offer an opinion.

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There were a tons of perhaps “we will see soon” if relevant additional points in that old research, including:
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• The VIX affects sovereign credit default swaps A LOT

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https://preview.redd.it/6fp1njsck5pa1.png?width=1295&format=png&auto=webp&s=0ea74b772735a79d5aca4b0d41a658231435dd8f

• The Big Bang Protocol: ISDA helped formulate a set of rules that decides when a country “defaults”
• You can “short” a sovereign bond if you find a locate (sound familiar?: “Short sales of shares and short sales of sovereign debt will be permitted only where the seller has “located” the share or debt instrument prior to entering into the agreement and has a “reasonable expectation” of being able to borrow the shares.”)

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Crazy shit. So you might say, now this post is meant to be about Citadel’s sphere of influence you might say? “Where does Citadel fit into all this? ”

11. Meet the CDDC (Credit Derivatives Determination Committee)...Where Citadel Sit and Helps Decide Which Countries Default on their Debt

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One of the biggest GFC 2008 scenarios of sovereign credit default swaps being misused was against Greece. Afterwards, one of its biggest cases of misuse was by Elliot Management (ran by Paul Singer) who was using their position on the Credit Derivatives Determination Committee, or CDDC, to help decide when their sovereign credit default swaps against Argentina would pay out.
Wait, Eliot Management doesn’t sound big enough. Who else is on this committee?
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https://preview.redd.it/gcvfc4shk5pa1.png?width=928&format=png&auto=webp&s=f968f2765e15103295c91bc4dc7ec74836f916a4
Oh wait, so Citadel is ALSO on this committee? Alongside our favorite fucksticks like Chase, Goldman, Deutsche, and BNP?
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It’s not lost on me with seeing now that Credit Suisse has been sucked up into UBS, maybe its position on the CDDC has been absorbed further by UBS. Back then, I wrote about the fact is we know next to nothing about the sovereign credit default swaps that might be opened up against countries (be it Russia, Sri Lanka, or otherwise):
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https://preview.redd.it/t3kx1tk2l5pa1.png?width=850&format=png&auto=webp&s=f829d1a1c14d4df74fe7a2ad7d832d1409662e76

Here's one such example of a swap dealer: Swiss financial terrorist aficionados UBS AG, who registered to be a swaps dealer with the US at the end of 2012. (UBS had also been a member of the CDDC through the Greek crisis in early 2012, alongside Citadel. In Mar. 2012, they were also one of the members pressing to ask whether Greece had defaulted already.)
UBS AG registered as a swap dealer in the US at the end of 2012 enabling the continuation of swaps business with US persons. Regulations issued by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) impose substantial new requirements on registered swap dealers for clearing, trade execution, transaction reporting, recordkeeping, risk management and business conduct.
If UBS AG decides to make a market on sovereign credit default swaps like Russia, then we might also have no idea who is on the other side of the trade. This also goes for many of the other swap dealers who (surprise surprise) also sit on the CDDC board and can determine just when these sovereign credit default swaps pay out.

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Not only that, but the CDDC even can say when CORPORATE BONDS even shit the bed: late last year, they were the ones who were deciding to let everyone know whether Sunac (an Evergrande-relate company) went tits up.

12. We Say When

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For months, there has been talk of a looming debt crisis (alongside all the other ones) in the sovereign debt world.
And shit continues to hit the proverbial fan. Apart from Russia, Sri Lanka and others, emerging markets like Ghana and Zambia are beginning to feel the hits from their sovereign debt (oftentimes, trying to restructure it with creditors like China).
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https://preview.redd.it/gd0ocjuyi5pa1.png?width=2458&format=png&auto=webp&s=cb1fe0ade2f3401b2e081f8d0b55ef55cfb95ae2
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Even further, now that Credit Suisse has gone under. We may have another thing to worry about: what banks and prime brokers are housing these opaque sovereign debt structures, loans, and swaps? Even worse, what happens when they go under? Roll that less than beautiful bean footage:
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https://preview.redd.it/wt5v7uu0j5pa1.png?width=1134&format=png&auto=webp&s=df9cf3379be7ce881d7704013f4e6d92e287f08c
https://www.livemint.com/news/world/before-collapse-credit-suisse-quietly-conquered-an-obscure-debt-market-11679395660932.html
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“Before collapse, Credit Suisse quietly conquered an obscure debt market
Before its rescue by Swiss rival UBS, Credit Suisse had quietly become a major player in an obscure market that purports to help developing countries ease their debt burdens in exchange for protecting nature. Known as debt-for-nature swaps, the complex financial instruments help governments restructure their debt to raise money that can be used to fund conservation efforts.

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Credit Suisse was the sole structurer and arranger of the world’s largest debt-for-nature swap, a $364 million deal that it orchestrated in 2021 along with The Nature Conservancy, a charity, for Belize. Last year, it sealed another $150 million deal for Barbados. Credit Suisse has in recent years helped revive interest in the instruments and for the first time opened them up to institutional capital. The bank raised money for Belize and Barbados from pension funds including Sweden’s Alecta and Nuveen LLC, a unit of the US’s TIAA, by issuing so-called blue bonds tied to the deals.

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https://preview.redd.it/ysibqfz5l5pa1.png?width=734&format=png&auto=webp&s=0a1b42cd1d630041b337a008e539facc8781c4d5

he convoluted setup has drawn criticism from sovereign debt experts for its high cost and lack of transparency. And the opaque terms of the Belize and Barbados deals — the first of their kind — mean outside analysts will struggle to assess precisely what comes next.

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A lot of poorer, especially emerging market countries were already in dire straits. Now as opaque deals meant to help these countries might not come to light (are these some of the Level 3 assets that UBS was talking about?), we can ask ourselves wtf will happen when the same banks looking to save their own ass while holding these sovereign, are the same fuckers that sit on the same board that can decide when they are worthless (while I’m sure being positioned net short).
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All in all, these banks and holders of sovereign debt credit default swaps, who decide when a country goes boom, are sitting arm in arm alongside Citadel, who themselves potentially hover their greasy mayo-covered finger over the button that decides just when and how the US stock market will eventually implode.
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13. Everything Everywhere All at Once

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To recap, we then have Citadel with (1) the biggest market maker and arguably one of the most influential hedge fund able to decide which stocks rise and which fall as the US stock market teeters on the brink of collapse…
…with having (2) three of its ex-employees in charge of (not even counting other Citadel employees working there) operating at Headlands ready to help position themselves when the municipal bond market gets nuked, whether as a continued result of regional bank failure or in spite of it…
…while (3) sitting on the board that determines when ENTIRE COUNTRIES FAIL, in such a way that their hedge fund and associated pals can be ready to short and profit off failing nations that they and their fuckstick friends help cause.
Did I miss anything? Because remember, Citadel is not just Citadel, the market-maker that we all love to hate; Citadel’s sphere of influence via the Big 3 means the grip that it holds over the US and world economy is even greater than we think…and as such, far far more dangerous.